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subconjunctival hemorrhage

Etiology: 1) fragile capillaries 2) eye trauma 3) diabetes mellitus 4) hypertension 5) antiplatelet agents 6) anticoagulants 7) increased intraocular pressure (coughing, sneezing, Valsalva manuevers) 8) idiopathic Clinical manifestations: - minimal to no eye pain - no visual symptoms - discreted bight red confluent region without hyperemia - hemorrhage appears on the conjunctival (white) part of the eye rather than over the cornea (hyphema) Laboratory: - see bleeding disorder Special laboratory: - ophthalmoscopy if due to traumatic eye injury - slit lamp examination for recurrent hemorrhages Management: 1) artifical tears as needed [4] 2) avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents 3) avoid physical strain 4) self-limited, generally resolves within 2 weeks

General

ocular hemorrhage (hemophthalmos)

References

  1. Greater Los Angeles, GRECC, optometry
  2. Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
  3. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 18, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2018
  4. Geriatric Review Syllabus, 10th edition (GRS10) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2019