Search
central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm
Primary central nervous system neoplasms, intra- and extra-axial.
Classification:
1) neuroepithelial tumors
a) glial tumors (45%)
- astrocytic tumors
- pilocytic astrocytoma.
- diffuse astrocytoma (fibrillary, protoplasmic, gemistocytic).
- anaplastic astrocytoma.
- glioblastoma
- giant cell glioblastoma
- gliosarcoma
- pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.
- subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
- oligodendroglial
- oligodendroglioma
- anaplastic oligodendroglioma
- mixed gliomas
- oligoastrocytoma
- malignant oligoastrocytoma
- ependymal tumors
- ependymoma (cellular, papillary, clear cell, tanycytic)
- anaplastic ependymoma
- myxopapillary ependymoma
- subependymoma
- glial tumors of unceratin origin
- astroblastoma
- chordoid glioma of the third ventricle
- gliomatosis cerebri
b) neuronal/mixed neuronal-glial tumors
- gangliocytoma
- ganglioglioma
- desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma
- dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor
- central neurocytoma
- cerebellar liponeurocytoma
- paraganglioma
c) embryonal tumors
- ependymoblastoma
- medulloblastoma
- desmoplastic
- large cell
- nedullomyoblastoma
- melanotic
- medulloepithelioma
- supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
- neuroblastoma
- ganglioneuroblastoma
d) choroid plexus tumors
- choroid plexus papilloma
- choroid plexus carcinoma
e) pineal parenchymal tumors
- pineocytoma
- pineoblastoma
2) meningeal tumors
a) meningioma (27%)
b) mesenchymal non-meningeal tumors
- hemangiopericytoma
- sarcomas
c) melanocytic lesions
3) germ cell tumors
- germinoma
- embryonal carcinoma
- yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor)
- choriocarcinoma
- teratoma
- mixed germ cell tumors
4) tumors of the sellar region
a) craniopharyngioma
- adamantinomatous
- papillary
b) pituitary adenoma (10%)
c) pituitary carcinoma
d) granular cell tumor
5) primary lymphomas and hematopoietic neoplasms (4%)
- lymphoma
- plasmacytoma
- granulocytic sarcoma
6) peripheral nervous system tumors (some can also affect CNS)
- schwannoma (7%)
- neurofibroma
- malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
See also: metastatic tumors
Laboratory:
- see ARUP consult [1]
Complications:
- cerebral herniation fatal if unrecognized [3]
Management:
- anticonvulsant only in patients with seizures [3]
- may be used for 1 week postoperatively
Specific
brain neoplasm (intracranial neoplasm)
capillary hemangioblastoma
CNS cyst
CNS malignancy
meningeal neoplasm
primary intracranial germ cell neoplasm
primary melanocytic CNS lesion
secondary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm
spinal cord neoplasm
General
central nervous system (CNS) disease
nervous system neoplasm
References
- ARUP Consult: Central Nervous System Tumors - Brain Tumors
The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection & Interpretation
https://www.arupconsult.com/content/central-nervous-system-tumors
- Buckner JC, Brown PD, O'Neill BP, Meyer FB, Wetmore CJ, Uhm JH.
Central nervous system tumors.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Oct;82(10):1271-86.
PMID: 17908533
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 18,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2018