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chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Tradename: Diuril.
Indications:
- treatment of hypertension
- management of edema
Dosage:
- 250-500 mg PO QD/BID
- 500-2000 mg IV in divided doses 500 mg IV just prior to furosemide administration
Tabs: 250 & 500 mg Suspension 250 mg/5 mL
Caution:
1) PO or IV administration only.
2) May NOT be given IM or SC.
Pharmacokinetics:
1) excreted unchanged in the urine
2) 99% of IV dose excreted within 5 hours
Adverse effects:
1) hypercalcemia
2) hyperuricemia
3) rash
4) pancreatitis
5) vasculitis
6) increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
7) cross-sensitivity with sulfa drugs.
Mechanism of action:
1) enhances secretion of Na+, Cl- & H2O by interfering with Na+ & Cl- transport across the renal tubular epithelium mediated by SLC12A3
2) site of action: distal tubule.
3) thiazides also effect the excretion of other electrolytes including K+ & HCO3-
Interactions
drug interactions
drug adverse effects (more general classes)
monitor with thiazide diuretics
General
benzothiadiazide; benzothiadiazine
thiazide diuretic
Properties
MISC-INFO: elimination route LIVER
pregnancy-category B
safety in lactation ?
Database Correlations
PUBCHEM correlations
References
- The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed.
Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996.
- Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 28th ed, Ewald &
McKenzie (eds), Little, Brown & Co, Boston, 1995, pg 123
- Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,
Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al
eds, 1998 - not on National VA formulary
Component-of
chlorothiazide/methyldopa (Aldoclor)
chlorothiazide/reserpine