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chikungunya virus

Epidemiology: - transmitted to humans by virus-carrying Aedes mosquitoes - epidemics in Africa & Asia - travelers to the Caribbean [6] - Southeast Asia, India, Sub-Saharan Africa [[7] - identified in 17 countries or territories in the Caribbean & South America [8] (June 2014) - local transmission of the virus first hit the Western Hemisphere in December 2013 - first likely transmission within U.S. reported by CDC in July 2014 [CDC] - 751 known imported cases in the U.S., with local transmission in Florida (Sept 2014) [10] Genetics: - family: Togaviridae - genus: alphavirus - single-stranded RNA Clinical manifestations: - see chikungunya Laboratory: - chikungunya virus RNA by RT-PCR a) uses nested primer pairs to amplify several Chikungunya- specific genes from whole blood b) results available in 1-2 days c) chikungunya virus non-structural protein 1 RNA - dengue + chikungunya + zika virus RNA - virus isolation: chikungunya virus culture (no Loinc found) a) most definitive diagnosis b) takes 1-2 weeks for completion c) must be carried out in Biosafety level 3 laboratories d) involves exposing specific cell lines to whole blood & identifying chikungunya virus-specific responses - chikungunya virus serology a) may require a larger amount of blood than other methods b) chikungunya virus IgM in serum c) results available in 2-3 days d) false positives can occur with infection via other related viruses such as O'nyong'nyong virus & Semliki Forest Virus e) available from the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Management: - see chikungunya

Related

chikungunya; Sepik fever

General

alphavirus

Properties

KINGDOM: virus GENOME-TYPE: RNA SINGLE-STRANDED POSITIVE-STRAND GENOME-SIZE: 12 kB ENVELOPE: PRESENT CAPSID-SYMMETRY: ICOSAHEDRAL

References

  1. Couderc T et al Prophylaxis and therapy for chikungunya virus infection. J Infect Dis 2009 Jul 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/600381 - Michault A and Staikowsky F. Chikungunya: First steps toward specific treatment and prophylaxis. J Infect Dis 2009 Jul 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/600382
  2. Wikipedia: Chikungunya http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikungunya
  3. Communicable Diseases: Chikungunya Fever Laboratory Diagnosis of Chikungunya Fevers World Health Organization http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section10/Section2246_12902.htm
  4. Chhabra M et al Chikungunya fever: a re-emerging viral infection. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2008 Jan-Mar;26(1):5-12 PMID: 18227590
  5. Powers AM & Logue CH Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus Published online ahead of print on 31 May 2007 as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.82858-0. http://www.sgm.ac.uk/jgvdirect/82858/82858ft.pdf J Gen Virol. 2007 Sep;88(Pt 9):2363-77 PMID: 17698645
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Notice to Public Health Officials and Clinicians: Recognizing, Managing, and Reporting Chikungunya Virus Infections in Travelers Returning from the Caribbean. CDC Health Advisory. Dec 13, 2013 http://emergency.cdc.gov/HAN/han00358.asp
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Geographic Distribution of Chikungunya Virus. Jan 21, 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/map/index.html
  8. Fischer M and Staples JE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Notes from the Field: Chikungunya Virus Spreads in the Americas - Caribbean and South America, 2013-2014. MMWR. June 6, 2014 / 63(22);500-501 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6322a5.htm
  9. Staples JE and Fischer M Chikungunya Virus in the Americas - What a Vectorborne Pathogen Can Do. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:887-889September 4, 2014 PMID: 25184860 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1407698
  10. Hamer DH, Chen LH Chikungunya: Establishing a New Home in the Western Hemisphere. Ann Intern Med. Published online 23 September 2014 PMID: 25244354 http://annals.org/article.aspx
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Chikungunya virus. http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/