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cephradine (Velosef, Anspor)
Tradenames: Velosef, Anspor. 1st generation cephalosporin.
Indications:
- treatment of mild to moderate bacterial infections:
a) infectious arthritis, osteomyelitis
b) skin or soft tissue infection
c) urinary tract infection
d) respiratory tract infection
1] upper respiratory tract infection
a] pharyngitis
b] tonsillitus
2] lower respiratory tract infection
- pneumonia
e) acute otitis media [4] (PHARYNGITIS TONSILLITIS UPPER_RESPIRATORY_TRACT_INFECTION PNEUMONIA LOWER_RESPIRATORY_TRACT_INFECTION)
Dosage:
- 1 g IV/IM every 6 hours.
- 1-2 g/day PO divided BID/QID.
- 2 g PO 1 hour prior to dental procedure Tabs 250, 500 mg.
Children: 25-100 mg/kg/day divided BID/QID. Susp 125, 250 mg/5 mL.
Pharmacokinetics:
1) oral absorption is nearly complete
2) eliminated unchanged in the urine
3) 1/2life 0.5-1.5 hours
4) dosage adjustment is necessary with renal insufficiency
5) well distributed to most tissues & fluids
Dosage adjustment in renal failure:
Creatinine clearance dose
> 40 mL/min 250-500 mg every 6 hours
< 40 mL/min 250-500 mg every 8-12 hours
Antimicrobial activity:
- spectrum of coverage is similar to cefazolin
- Streptococcus pyogenes [4]
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Escherichia coli
- Proteus
- Klebsiella [4]
- lacks enterococcus, MRSA & anaerobe coverage
Adverse effects:
1) nausea/vomiting
2) diarrhea
3) abdominal cramps
4) skin rashes
5) arthralgias
6) headache
7) dizziness
8) mild increase in serum creatinine
9) eosinophila & granulocytopenia have been reported
10) cross-reactivity to penicillin is 3-8%
Drug interactions:
-> probenecid increases & prolongs 1/2life of cephradine
Test interactions:
-> large doses may result in a positive direct Coomb's test
Laboratory:
1) specimen:
a) serum
b) keep specimen on ice-water
c) centrifuge at 4 degrees C
d) remove cells as soon as possible
e) freeze at -70 degrees C until assayed
2) methods: HPLC, MB Mecahnism of action: inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Interactions
drug interactions
drug adverse effects of cephalosporins
Related
cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol)
General
cephalosporin, 1st generation
Properties
MISC-INFO: elimination route KIDNEY
1/2life 0.5-1.5 HOURS
protein-binding 8-20%
elimination by hemodialysis +
peritoneal dialysis +
pregnancy-category B
safety in lactation ?
Database Correlations
PUBCHEM correlations
References
- The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed.
Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,
Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al
eds, 1998 - not on National VA formulary
- Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd ed. Teitz ed.,
W.B. Saunders, 1995
- Deprecated Reference