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cephalosporin
Contain a 6-member dihyrothiazine ring rather than a five member thiazolidine ring of penicillins. Allergic cross reactivity between penicillins & 1st generation cephalosporins is reported to be 3-7%; however, this may largely represent mislabeling of patients not truely allergic to penicillin. (see drug allergy)
Indications:
- treatment of bacterial infections due to susceptible organisms
- skin or soft tissue infection [3]
- impetigo
- cellulitis
- ecthyma gangrenosum
- diabetic foot infection
- lower respiratory tract infection
- bronchitis
- pneumonia
- ventilator-associated pneumonia
- pulmonary abscess
- upper respiratory tract infection
- pharyngitis
- tonsillitis
- acute otitis media
- intra-abdominal infection
- abdominal abscess
- cholangitis
- bacterial peritonitis
- CNS infection
- bacterial meningitis
- sepsis
- endocarditis
- urogenital infection
- urinary tract infection
- chronic pyelonephritis
- cervicitis
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- chancroid
- infectious arthritis, osteomyelitis
- Lyme disease
- proctitis
- ophthalmia neonatorum
- meliodosis
- infection in patients with cystic fibrosis
- prophylaxis for perioperative infection
- gastrointestinal surgery
- prosthetic arthroplasty
- transurethral resection of the prostate
- hysterectomy
- cesarean section
- open heart surgery
- prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis
- empiric treatment for febrile neutropenia
- empiric treatment for fever of unknown origin [3]
Antibiotic activity:
Gram postivie
- Streptococcus
- Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive)
- no activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
gram-negative
- Haemophilus
- Haemophilus parainfluenzae
- Haemophilus parainfluenzae
- Haemophilus parahemolyticus
- Salmonella
- Providencia
- Morganella morganii
- Moraxella catarrhalis [3]
- Neisseria meningitidis [3]
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae [3]
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa [3]
- Proteus mirabilis
- Yersinia enterocolita
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- Citrobacter
- Klebsiella
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Enterobacter
- Escherichia coli
- Proteus
- Serratia
Anaerobes
- Bacteroides fragilis
- Peptococcus
- Peptostreptococcus
- Clostridium
- Bacteroides
- Fusobacterium Enterococcus
Adverse effects:
1) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
2) erythema multiforme
3) toxic epidermal necrolysis
4) renal dysfunction
5) toxic nephropathy
6) aplastic anemia
7) hemolytic anemia
8) hemorrhage
9) cholestasis
10) pancytopenia
11) seizures [2]
Interactions
drug interactions
drug adverse effects of cephalosporins
Related
type B drug reaction; drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome; drug rash with eosinophilia & systemic symptoms (DIHS, DRESS)
Specific
cefiderocol (Fetroja)
cefovecin (Convenia)
cephalosporin, 1st generation
cephalosporin, 2nd generation
cephalosporin, 3rd generation
cephalosporin, 4th generation
cephalosporin, 5th generation
General
beta-lactam antibiotic
Database Correlations
Kegg map/map00311
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American
College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- Medications Can Cause Seizures
Prescriber's Letter 10(3):16 2003
Detail-Document#: 190320
(subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- Deprecated Reference