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centenarian

Individials >= 100 years of age Epidemiology: - 1 per 5000 in developed countries [1] - female centenarians outnumber males 9 to 1 - men are more likely to be functionally independent than women - male centenarians less likely to have chronic diseases than females - male centenarians more likely to take fewer medications than females [1] Pathology: - processes that improve lifespan also improve healthspan - diseases occur later in life compressing time associated with morbidity Genetics: (biochemistry) - proteins increased in centenarians - MXRA5 Clinical manifestations: - centenarians maintain cognitive function in most domains for up to 4 years [2] with slight risk of memory loss - BMI < 27 among 8 WW II veteran centenarians [3] - 6 of the 8 were demented (6 of 6 men, 0 of 2 women) [3] Management: - a healthy lifestyle increases the likelihood of becoming a centenarian [4] Notes: - scientists in Boston, Massachusetts have made reprogrammed stem cells from the blood of centenarians to study human longevity [5]

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longevity supercentenarian

References

  1. Geriatric Review Syllabus, 10th edition (GRS10) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2019
  2. George J High Cognitive Performance at Age 100 - Some centenarians show resilience to cognitive decline, despite brain pathology. MedPage Today January 15, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/90720 - Beker N, Ganz A, Hulsman M et al Association of Cognitive Function Trajectories in Centenarians With Postmortem Neuropathology, Physical Health, and Other Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1):e2031654. Jan 15 PMID: 33449094 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2775218
  3. Kheirbek RE et al Life at the Extreme: Characteristics of Veteran Centenarians in Long-term Care. Annals of Long-Term Care. Oct. 2018 https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/altc/articles/life-extreme-characteristics-veteran-centenarians-long-term-care
  4. Li Y, Wang L, Jigeer G et al Healthy Lifestyle and the Likelihood of Becoming a Centenarian. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(6):e2417931. June 20 PMID: 38900423 Free article. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2820220
  5. Mallapaty S What's the secret to living to 100? Centenarian stem cells could offer clues. A bank of cells from people more than 100 years old gives scientists a new resource for studying longevity. Nature News. Nov 29, 2024 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03886-1
  6. Perls T. Male centenarians: how and why are they different from their female counterparts? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(9):1904-1096 PMID: 28586117 PMCID: PMC5603374
  7. Teixeira L, Araujo L, Paul C, Ribeiro O. Further survival at age 100: Findings from the Oporto Centenarian study. Exp Gerontol. 2020;133:110854. PMID: 32004634 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0531556519307533