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carboplatin (CDBCA, Paraplatin)
Tradename: Paraplatin.
Indications:
1) ovarian carcinoma
2) cervical carcinoma
3) endometrial cancer
4) small cell lung carcinoma
5) non-small cell carcinoma
4) esophageal cancer
6) testicular cancer
7) prostate cancer
8) bladder cancer
9) mesothelioma
10) pediatric brain tumors
11) head & neck cancer
12) breast cancer
13) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
14) acute myeloid leukemia
15) osteosarcoma
16) Ewing sarcoma
Dosage:
1) 300-450 mg/m2 every 4 weeks
2) in renal failure (4-8 mg/mL/min x (GFR* + 25))
* glomerular filtration rate in mg/mL/min
Lyophilized powder for injection: 50 mg, 150 mg, 450 mg.
Pharmacokinetics:
1) most of the drug is not metabolized
2) 1/2 life 1-3 hours
Adverse effects:
1) common (> 10%)
- asthenia
- pain at site of injection
- abnormal liver function tests
- myelosuppression
- neutropenia
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia (platelet count reaches nadir 14-21 days)
- anemia
- electrolyte abnormalities
- hypocalcemia
- hypomagnesemia
- hyponatremia
- hypokalemia
2) less common (1-10%)
- hemorrhage, peripheral neuropathy (numbness, paresthesias, pain), urticaria, rash, alopecia, nausea/vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, anorexia, ototoxicity
3) uncommon (< 1%)
- blurred vision, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity in patients previously treated with cisplatin
4) other
- delayed nausea/vomiting may occur after 2-5 days
- report loss of hearing, numbness or paresthesias
* carboplatin associated with favorable toxicity profile vs cisplatin [4]
Drug interactions:
- vancomycin & gentamicin should not be used within 3 days of carboplatin because of increased risk of nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity
Test interactions: increases serum K+
Mechanism of action:
- platinum complexes bind to & crosslink of DNA, which triggers apoptosis
Interactions
drug adverse effects of platinum-based chemotherapy
General
antineoplastic platinum complex; platinum-based chemotherapy
Properties
MISC-INFO: elimination route KIDNEY
1/2life 1-3 HOURS
Database Correlations
PUBCHEM correlations
References
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug
Formulary, 1998
- Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,
Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al
eds, 1998
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed.
Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 529
- Azar I, Yazdanpanah Y, Jang H et al
Comparison of Carboplatin With Cisplatin in Small Cell Lung Cancer in US Veterans.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2237699.
PMID: 36264573
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2797497