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catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)

Function: - catalyzes the O-methylation, & thus inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters & catechol hormones - transfers methyl group from SAM to catecholamines - both a soluble & membrane-bound form from same precursor - shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, including L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA & isoproterenol S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol Cofactor: binds 1 Mg+2 per subunit (putative) Structure: - N-terminus is blocked - belongs to the mammalian catechol-O-methyltransferase family Compartment: - isoform soluble: cytoplasm - isoform membrane-bound: cell membrane, extracellular side Alternative initiation: - named isoforms=2 Expression: - brain, liver, placenta, lymphocytes & erythrocytes Polymorphism: - low enzyme activity alleles are associated with genetic susceptibility to alcoholism [4] - val158met polymorphism predicts placebo effect in irritable bowel syndrome [5] Laboratory: - COMT gene mutation

Interactions

molecular events

Related

catechol O-methyltransferase 2 (COMT2) catecholamine metabolism

General

O-methyl transferase

Properties

SIZE: entity length = 271 aa MW = 30 kD COMPARTMENT: cytoplasm cellular membrane MOTIF: transmembrane domain {7-26} binding site SITE: 92-92 FOR-BINDING-OF: S-adenosylmethionine binding site SITE: 122-122 FOR-BINDING-OF: S-adenosylmethionine binding site SITE: 140-140 FOR-BINDING-OF: S-adenosylmethionine Mg+2-binding site SITE: 191-191 MOTIF: binding site SITE: 191-191 FOR-BINDING-OF: S-adenosylmethionine binding site SITE: 194-194 FOR-BINDING-OF: Substrate Mg+2-binding site SITE: 219-219 Mg+2-binding site SITE: 220-220 MOTIF: binding site SITE: 220-220 FOR-BINDING-OF: Substrate binding site SITE: 249-249 FOR-BINDING-OF: Substrate Ser phosphorylation site {S267}

Database Correlations

OMIM correlations MORBIDMAP 116790 UniProt P21964 Pfam PF01596 KEGG correlations ENZYME 2.1.1.6

References

  1. OMIM :accession 116790
  2. UniProt :accession P21964
  3. Wikipedia: catechol-O-methyl transferase entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/catechol-O-methyl_transferase
  4. OMIM :accession 103780
  5. Hall KT et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism predicts placebo effect in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS ONE 2012 Oct 23; 7:e48135. PMID: 23110189