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case-control study
A study that compares past exposures in patients with & without disease.
Indications:
- useful for studying rare diseases or exposures
Notes:
- retrospective studies where cases & controls are questioned about past exposures are susceptible to recall bias [2]
- the hierachy of evidence for observational studies is:
- case series < case control study < cohort study < meta-analysis of cohort studies
Specific
Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF)
General
observational study
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 17, 18.
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2015, 2018
- NEJM Knowledge+