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cartilage
Classification:
Subtypes include:
1) hyaline cartilage
2) elastic cartilage
3) fibrocartilage
Function:
- non vascular connective tissue, flexible, resilient & firm in consistency
- cartilage comprises most of the skeleton in the early fetus, but is gradually replaced by bone
- cartilage separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis in developing bone, but is gradually lost as bone development reaches completion
Structure:
Consists of:
1) chondrocytes
2) collagen
3) proteoglycans
- aggrecan is the major core protein [2]
Expression:
Cartilage is found in:
1) joints
2) walls of the thorax
3) tubular structures
a) larynx
b) trachea
c) bronchi
4) ears
5) nose
Pathology:
- aggrecan degradation is the major cause of cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis [2]
- chondrodystrophy is a genetic disease affecting development of cartilage
Related
chondrodystrophy
Specific
accessory nasal cartilage (sesamoid cartilage of nose)
alar cartilage; major/greater cartilage; minor/lesser cartilage; accessory quadrate cartilage
anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk
articular cartilage
articular disc, (fibroplate, interarticular fibrocartilage)
arytenoid cartilage
auricle (pinna)
corniculate cartilage; Santorini cartilage; supra-arytenoid cartilage
costal cartilage
cricoid cartilage
cuneiform cartilage; Morgagni cartilage; Wrisberg cartilage; Morgagni tubercle
elastic cartilage
epiglottic cartilage
fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage
intervertebral disk
lateral cartilage of nose (lateral process of septal nasal cartilage)
meniscus
nasal cartilage
nucleus pulposus, nucleus gelatinosus or vertebral pulp
perichondrium
septal nasal cartilage (cartilage of nasal septum, nasal septal/septal/quadrangular cartilage, cartilagenous septum)
thyroid cartilage
tracheal cartilage/ring
tragus (hircus)
triticeal cartilage
tubal cartilage (cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube/auditory tube)
vomeronasal cartilage (Jacobson/paraseptal/vomerine cartilage)
General
musculoskeletal system structure
connective tissue
References
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 26th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995
- Journal Watch 25(10):81, 2005
Glasson SS, Askew R, Sheppard B, Carito B, Blanchet T, Ma HL,
Flannery CR, Peluso D, Kanki K, Yang Z, Majumdar MK, Morris EA.
Deletion of active ADAMTS5 prevents cartilage degradation in
a murine model of osteoarthritis.
Nature. 2005 Mar 31;434(7033):644-8.
PMID: 15800624
- Stanton H, Rogerson FM, East CJ, Golub SB, Lawlor KE,
Meeker CT, Little CB, Last K, Farmer PJ, Campbell IK, Fourie AM,
Fosang AJ.
ADAMTS5 is the major aggrecanase in mouse cartilage in vivo
and in vitro.
Nature. 2005 Mar 31;434(7033):648-52.
PMID: 15800625
Components
chondrocyte