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cardiac neoplasm

Most cardiac tumors are metastatic. The most common primary cardiac tumor is atrial myxoma. Classifivation: WHO classification of cardiac tumors - benign tumors and tumor-like conditions - rhabdomyoma - histiocytoid cardiomyoathy - hamartoma of mature cardiac myocytes - adult cellular rhabdomyoma - cardiac myxoma - papillary fibroelastoma - hemangioma - cardiac fibroma - inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor - lipoma - cystic tumor of atrioventricular node - malignant tumors - angiosarcoma - epithelioid hemangioendothelioma - malignant pleomorphic fibrous histiocytoma - MFH/undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma - fibrosarcoma and myxoid fibrosarcoma - rhabdomyosarcoma - leiomyosarcoma - synovial sarcoma - liposarcoma - cardiac lymphomas - metastatic tumors - pericardial tumors - solitary fibrous tumor - malignant mesothelioma - germ cell tumors - metastatic pericardial tumors Etiology: metastatic tumors: 1) bone cancer 2) breast cancer 3) lymphoma 4) leukemia 5) thyroid carcinoma 6) melanoma (50% of patients with malignant melanoma have metastases to the heart) primary tumors: 1) benign (75%) a) myxoma (30%) b) lipoma (10%) c) papillary fibroelastoma (10%) d) rhabdomyoma (8%) e) fibroma (4%) f) hemangioma (3%) g) teratoma (3%) h) mesothelioma of the AV node (3%) i) others (2%) 2) malignant (25%) a) sarcomas (19%) b) lymphoma (2%) c) others (5%)

Interactions

disease interactions

Specific

benign cardiac neoplasm cardiac angiosarcoma cardiac myxoma malignant heart neoplasm rhabdomyoma

General

heart disease (cardiac disease) neoplasm; tumor

References

  1. Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 56-57
  2. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 1102
  3. WHO Classification Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. Travis et al., ed. IARC Press 2004
  4. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018.
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  6. Basso C, Rizzo S, Valente M, Thiene G. Cardiac masses and tumours. Heart. 2016 Aug 1;102(15):1230-45. Review. PMID: 27277840