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carcinogen

An agent directly involved in the promotion of cancer 1) pharmaceutical agents a) alkylating agents - acute myelocytic leukemia, bladder cancer b) immunosuppressive agents - azathioprine - lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's) - cyclosporine - lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's) - corticosteroids - non-Hodgkin's lymphoma c) nitrogen mustard gas - lung cancer, head & neck cancer, nasal sinus cancer d) androgens - prostate cancer e) estrogens - endometrial cancer, liver cancer f) diethylstibesterol (prenatal) - vaginal cancer (clear cell carcinoma) g) phenacetin - cancer of the renal pelvis & bladder cancer 2) industrial chemicals/materials a) aromatic amines - bladder cancer b) arsenic - lung cancer, skin cancer c) asbestos - cancer of the lung, pleura & peritoneum d) benzene - acute myelocytic leukemia e) chromium - lung cancer f) nickel dust - cancer of the lung, nasal sinuses g) vinyl chloride - liver cancer (angiosarcoma) 3) organisms a) Helicobacter pylori - gastric cancer b) viruses - hepatitis B - liver cancer - hepatitis C - liver cancer - HIV - lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's), Kaposi's sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma - HTLV-1 - adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma - Epstein-Barr virus - Burkitt's lymphoma, nasal T-cell lymphoma c) Schistosoma - bladder cancer (squamous cell) 4) smoke byproducts a) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - benzo[a]anthracene - lung cancer, skin cancer - benzo[a]pyrene - lung cancer, skin cancer b) tobacco - cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, lung cancer (squamous cell & small cell), bladder cancer 5) ultraviolet light - skin cancer (squamous cell & melanoma) 6) ethanol - cancer of the liver, esophagus, head & neck 7) metabolites - 3-hydroxyanthranilate 8) miscellaneous - thioacetamide - antimony trioxide

Specific

3-hydroxyanthranilate benzene benzo[a]anthracene benzo[a]pyrene benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide diesel thioacetamide

General

toxin (hazardous material, poison)

References

  1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 501
  2. Grosse Y et al WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. A review of human carcinogens-Part A: pharmaceuticals. Lancet Oncol. 2009 Jan;10(1):13-4. No abstract available. PMID: 19115512 - Bouvard V et al WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. A review of human carcinogens--Part B: biological agents. Lancet Oncol. 2009 Apr;10(4):321-2. No abstract available. PMID: 19350698 - Straif K et al WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. A review of human carcinogens--part C: metals, arsenic, dusts, and fibres. Lancet Oncol. 2009 May;10(5):453-4. No abstract available. PMID: 19418618 - El Ghissassi F et al WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. A review of human carcinogens - Part D: Radiation. Lancet Oncol 2009 Aug; 10:751. PMID: 19655431
  3. Suran M Substances Added to List of Human Carcinogens. JAMA. 2022;327(8):709. PMID: 35191940 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2789333