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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were developed from testing of sulfonamides for ability to inhibit carbonic anhydrase after it was found that sulfanilamide inhibited carbonic anhydrase. Monitor: - serum electrolytes every 6 months - complete blood count (CBC) every 6 months Adverse effects: - Stevens-Johnson syndrome & toxic epidermal necrolysis [4] - aplastic anemia [4] - renal acidification defect that raises urine pH & lowers urine citrate - increases urinary calcium phosphate & possibly kidney stone risk [5] - normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to RTA-2 [6], hypokalemia (RTA-2) [6] Notes: - inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase suggested to have benefit for aging & neurodegenerative disease [2]

Interactions

drug interactions drug adverse effects (more general classes) monitor with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Related

sulfonamide

Specific

acetazolamide (Diamox) brinzolamide (Azopt) dichlorphenamide (Daranide) dorzolamide (Trusopt) methazolamide (Neptazane) sulfanilamide sulthiame; trolone; sulphenyltame; sulthiamine; (Ospolot) topiramate (Topamax, Qudexy XR, Trokendi XR) zonisamide (Zonegran)

General

diuretic enzyme inhibitor

References

  1. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996 pg 691
  2. University of Nottingham. Oct 10, 2016 Cell protein offers new hope in fighting the effects of aging. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2016/october/cell-protein-offers-new-hope-in-fighting-the-effects-of-aging.aspx
  3. Yang MS, Lee JY, Kim J et al Searching for the culprit drugs for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis from a nationwide claim database in Korea. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020 Feb; 8:690 PMID: 31614216 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221321981930858X
  4. Popovic MM, Schlenker MB, Thiruchelvam D et al Serious Adverse Events of Oral and Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022;140(3):235-242 PMID: 35084437 PMCID: PMC8796060 (available on 2023-01-27) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2788394
  5. Salka BR, Oerline MK, Yan P et al Associations of Topiramate and Zonisamide Use With Kidney Stones: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2025 Feb 27:S0272-6386(25)00705-X. doi: PMID: 40023213 https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(25)00705-X/fulltext
  6. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 20 American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2025