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bone
Characteristics:
- hard connective tissue consisting of cells embedded in a mineralized matrix containing collagen.
- the matrix is largely hydroxyapatite with substantial amounts of carbonate, citrate, Na+ & Mg+2.
- 75% of bone by weight is inorganic; 25% is organic. 95% of collagen in bone is type 1 collagen.
- bone consists of a dense outer layer of compact or cortical substance covered by periosteum & an inner loose spongy substance
- the central portion of long bones & others (including the sacrum & sternum) is filled with marrow
Development:
- during development, the epiphysis is separated by cartilage & develops separately from the diaphysis
- the epiphysis eventually fuses with the diaphysis to form a complete bone
Notes:
- in humans, there are 200 distinct bones in the skeleton, not including the auditory ossicles or the sesamoid bones other than the 2 patellas
Related
bone disease; osteopathia
bone mineral density (BMD)
diaphysis (shaft)
ear ossicle
epiphysis
hydroxyapatite
osteocyte
osteophyte (bone spur)
periosteum
skeleton (skeletal system)
Specific
calcaneus (heel bone)
cancellous, spongy, or trabecular bone (substantia spongiosa)
carpal bone
clavicle (collar bone)
coccyx
compact bone
cuboid bone (cuboideum)
epiphysial (growth) plate
ethmoid bone
femur
fibula
frontal bone
hip bone
humerus
hyoid bone
ilium
incisive bone; intermaxilla/premaxilla; intermaxillary/premaxillary bone
intermediate cuneiform bone (tarsal triquetrum, 2nd cuneiform)
ischium
lacrimal bone
lateral cuneiform bone (3rd cuneiform)
mandible (lower jaw bone, submaxilla)
maxilla (upper jaw bone)
medial cuneiform bone (1st cuneiform)
metacarpal bone
metatarsal bone
nasal bone
nasal concha; nasal turbinate
navicular bone
occipital bone
palatine bone
parietal bone
pars interarticularis
phalanx (phalanges)
pterygoid fovea
pubis
radius
rib
sacrum
scapula
sesamoid bone
skull (cranium)
sphenoid bone
sternal body
sternebra
sternum
sutural bone
talus (ankle bone)
tarsal bone
temporal bone
tibia
ulna
vertebra
vomer
zygomatic bone; zygoma; malar bone
General
musculoskeletal system structure
tissue
References
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
- Bones, Joints and Muscles
http://health.nih.gov/search.asp/2
Components
bony plate
bony process
epiphysis
periosteum