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bile duct cancer; extrahepatic biliary carcinoma
Etiology: (risk factors)
1) primary sclerosing cholangitis
2) chronic ulcerative colitis
3) choledochal cysts
4) infections with the fluke, Clonorchis sinensis
Pathology:
1) many bile duct cancers are multifocal
2) perineural invasion has a negative impact on survival
Clinical manifestations:
1) jaundice
2) abdominal pain
3) fever
4) pruritus
Management:
1) surgical resection
a) in most patients, the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery & is incurable
b) palliative resections
2) other palliative measures may maintain adequate biliary drainage & improve survival
a) radiation therapy
1] brachytherapy
2] external-beam radiation therapy
b) stenting procedures
Related
bile duct
cholangiocarcinoma
gallbladder cancer
General
biliary carcinoma
References
- National Cancer Institute
Liver and Bile Duct Cancer -Health Professional version
https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp