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basal ganglia
Function:
- the basal ganglia controls the extrapyramidal motor system.
Structure:
- a collection of gray matter embedded centrally in the white matter of each cerebral hemisphere
- the basal ganglia consists of:
- caudate
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- claustrum
- amygdala
* image [2]
Often the term basal ganglia is used in reference to motor nuclei that are closely related functionally, including:
- corpus striatum
- caudate*
- putamen*
- globus pallidus
- subthalamic nucleus
- substantia nigra
* striatum consists of the caudate & putamen
Pathology:
- lesions of the basal ganglia result in extrapyramidal signs
Afferents:
- cerebral cortex (glutamate)
- substantia nigra pars compacta (dopamine)
Efferents:
- globus pallidus internal segment (GABA)
- sustantia nigra pars reticulata (GABA)
- globus pallidus internal segment (GABA)
* schematic: Connections of the Basal Nuclei [3]
General
brain structure
References
- The Human Nervous System, an atomical viewpoint, Barr ML,
2nd ed, Harper & Row, Hargerstown, MD, 1974
- lumen Anatomy & Physiology. Module 12. The Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
Frontal section of the Cerebral Cortex and Basal Nuclei
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/austincc-ap1/chapter/the-central-nervous-system/#m46533-fig-ch13_02_04
- lumen Anatomy & Physiology. Module 12. The Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
Connections of the Basal Nuclei
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/austincc-ap1/chapter/the-central-nervous-system/#m46533-fig-ch13_02_05
Component-of
telencephalon (cerebrum)
Components
amygdala
corpus striatum (striate body)
substantia innominata
Images
images related to basal ganglia