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axoneme

Function: - cytoskeletal inner core structure of cilia & flagella - gives support & shape to cilia & flagella Structure: - axoneme contains many proteins & protein complexes necessary for function - each axoneme consists of several microtubules aligned in parallel - the microtubules are arranged in a characteristic pattern - the microtubule or organized in pairs - 9 sets of microtubule pairs form a ring around a central pair of microtubules (9 x 2 + 2 = 20 microtubles/axoneme) - axonemes contain dynein dynein arms produce the force needed for bending. each dynein arm is anchored to a microtubule pair. dynein can cause microtubules to slide against each other in synchrony, with the mictrotubules on one side of the axonmene being pulled down & those on the other side pulled up, thus the axoneme as a whole can bend back & forth, resulting in ciliary/flagellar beating - axonemes contain radial spokes radial spokes regulate motion of the axoneme 'T'-shaped complex thate projects from each set of outer microtubule pairs toward the central microtubule pair

Related

axoneme (GO:0005930)

General

macromolecular complex

References

  1. Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axoneme
  2. Porter ME, Sale WS. The 9 + 2 axoneme anchors multiple inner arm dyneins and a network of kinases and phosphatases that control motility. J Cell Biol. 2000 Nov 27;151(5):F37-42. Review. PMID: 11086017
  3. Dillon RH, Fauci LJ. An integrative model of internal axoneme mechanics and external fluid dynamics in ciliary beating. J Theor Biol. 2000 Dec 7;207(3):415-30. PMID: 11082310
  4. Omoto CK, Gibbons IR, Kamiya R, Shingyoji C, Takahashi K, Witman GB. Rotation of the central pair microtubules in eukaryotic flagella. Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Jan;10(1):1-4. No abstract available. PMID: 9880321
  5. Rosenbaum JL, Cole DG, Diener DR. Intraflagellar transport: the eyes have it. J Cell Biol. 1999 Feb 8;144(3):385-8. Review. PMID: 9971734
  6. Vogel G. News focus: Betting on cilia. Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):216-8. PMID: 16223997

Components

dynein microtubule