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aquatic fish

gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals without limbs with digits [3] Adverse effects: - mercury content of fish - highest levels in mackerel, marlin, orange roughy, shark, swordfish, Gulf of Mexico tilefish, bigeye tuna - intermediate levels in yellowfin & albacore tuna, grouper, halibut, mahi mahi - lowest levels in canned light tuna, cod, crab, haddock, lobster, shrimp, salmon, tilapia) - intestinal perforation or tonsillar perforation from fish bones [4] Recommendations: - dietary fish intake beneficial. - recommended intake: - 6 oz of oily fish (salmon) weekly, enough to supply 1500-2000 mg of DHA/EPA weekly [1] - 2-3 servings weekly from lowest mercury group or 1 serving weekly from intermediate mercury group (adults) - limit albacore tuna (intermediate group) to 6 ounces/week - avoid eating fish from highest level group - large predatory fish (swordfish, shark) - serving size 4 oz of uncooked fish - women of childbearing age - 2-3 servings of fish from lowest mercury group every week - children - 1-2 servings of fish from lowest mercury group every week - serving size 2 oz of uncooked fish [2] - fish consumption lowers cardiovascular risk only in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease [5] - higher frequency of fish intake associated with lower cerebrovascular disease burden [6]

Related

fish oil

Specific

ciguatara halibut salmon scombroid

General

vertebrate

References

  1. Mozaffarian D and Rimm EB Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: Evaluating the risks and the benefits. JAMA 2006, 296:1885 PMID: 17047219
  2. FDA News Release. Jan 18, 2017 FDA and EPA issue final fish consumption advice. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm537362.htm - FDA chart categorizing 62 types of fish Eating Fish: What Pregnant Women and Parents Should Know http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/Metals/ucm393070.htm
  3. Wikipedia: Fish https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish
  4. Taguchi T, Kitagawa H. Fish Bone Perforation. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:762. August 22, 2019 PMID: 31433923 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1900442
  5. Mohan D, Mente A, Dehghan M et al. Associations of fish consumption with risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among individuals with or without vascular disease from 58 countries. JAMA Intern Med 2021 Mar 8; [e-pub] PMID: 33683310 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2777338
  6. Thomas A, Crivello F, Mazoyer B et al Fish Intake and MRI Burden of Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Adults. Neurology. 2021. Nov 3 PMID: 34732545 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2021/11/03/WNL.0000000000012916