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anti-cardiolipin antibody
Etiology:
1) low titers are common in asymptomatic individuals
- may be associated with prior infections
- syphilis
2) associated with hypercoagulable states
a) venous thrombosis
- deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
- pulmonary embolus (PE)
- inferior vena cava (IVC) syndrome
- Budd Chiari syndrome
- intracranial vein thrombosis
- renal vein thrombosis
- retinal vein thrombosis
b) arterial thrombosis
- coronary arteries
- carotid arteries
- cerebral arteries
- vertebrobasilar insufficiency
c) early coronary artery disease
d) livedo reticularis
e) ischemic strokes
f) transient ischemic attacks
g) seizures
h) Guillain-Barre syndrome
i) optic neuritis
j) connective tissue diseases
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- systemic sclerosis
Epidemiology:
1) 5 times more common than lupus anticoagulant
2) 5-7% of normal people (low titer)
Complications:
- recurrent miscarriage
- 50-75% risk of fetal loss
- treatment may decrease risk to 20%
Management: see antiphospholipid syndrome
Related
anti-cardiolipin antibody in serum
cardiolipin
Specific
anti-cardiolipin antibodies IgA/IgG/IgM
anti-cardiolipin antibodies IgG/IgM
anti-cardiolipin antibody IgA
anti-cardiolipin antibody IgG
anti-cardiolipin antibody IgM
General
autoantibody
References
- Contributions from Linda Kuribayashi MD, Dept of
Medicine, UCSF Fresno
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American
College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- Wikipedia: Anti-cardiolipin antibodies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-cardiolipin_antibodies