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antibacterial agent

Often the default use of more general term antibiotic. Classification: Antibiotic or antibacterial agent groups include: - aminoglycosides - antibacterial glycopeptides - beta-lactam antibiotics - cephalosporins - monobactams - penicillins - carbepenam - chloramphenicol group - lincosamides - macrolides - pleuromutilins - quinolones - rifamycins - sulfonamide - tetracyclines - other antibiotics Benefit/risk: - acute sinusitis - number needed to treat (NNT) with antibiotics for faster resolution = 15-18 [3] - number needed to harm = 8 for medication adverse effects (diarrhea, vomiting, skin rash) [3] - acute otitis media - number needed to treat (NNT) - 20 to reduce pain at 2-7 days [11] - 33 to reduce 1 tympanic membrane rupture - 11 to prevent contralateral acute otitis media - number needed to harm - 14 to precipitate 1 case of diarrhea [11] - acute bronchitis - antibiotics of no benefit overall [4] - mammal bites - antibiotics of no benefit [4] - antibiotics may be useful to reduce risk of wound infection [6] - COPD exacerbation with increased cough & sputum purulence - number need to treat (NNT) = 8 to save 1 life [7] - number needed to harm = 20 for diarrhea [7] - ventriculostomy - antibiotic-impregnated catheters reduce risk of infection (NNT= 11) more effectively than systemic antibiotics (NNT=20) [9] - trauma - no benefit for uncomplicated hand laceration [8] - open fracture (NNT=16) [10] * also see antibacterial topical

Interactions

drug interactions

Related

antibacterial antibiotic prescribing practices; antibiotic overuse; outpatient parenteral antibiotics antibiotic resistance antibiotics & risk of breast cancer empiric antibiotic therapy

Specific

4-nitroimidazole; 5-nitroimidazole aminoglycoside antibiotic anti-mycobacterial agent antibacterial glycopeptide antibacterial topical beta-lactam antibiotic carbapenem (thienamycin) chloramphenicol; levomycetin; chloranfenicol; kloramfenikol (Chloromycetin, Chloroptic) florfenicol glycylcycline iodophor lactic acid (Lac-Hydrin) lolamicin macrolide (macrolide antibiotic) nitrofurazone (Furacin) obiltoxaximab (Anthim) ophthalmic antibacterial agent ormetoprim oxazolidinone antibiotic phosphonic acid; phosphorous acid (H3PO3, H2O3P+) pleuromutilin; drosopholin B; pleuromulinum; pleuromulina; pleuromuline quinolone antibiotic secnidazole (Solosec) sulfamethoxazole [SMX] (Gantanol, Aposulfatrim, Bactoreduct) sulfonamide tetracycline (Achromycin, Sumycin, Bristacycline) triclocarban tyloxapol (Enuclene) zoliflodacin (ETX0914)

General

antibiotic (antimicrobial agent)

References

  1. Stedman's Medical Dictionary 26th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995
  2. Prescriber's Letter 14(11): 2007 Pediatiric Oral Antibiotic and Antifungal Suspensions and Liquids Detail-Document#: 231107 (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  3. The NNT: Antibiotics for Clinically Diagnosed Acute Sinusitis in Adults http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-clinically-diagnosed-acute-sinusitis/ - Lemiengre MB, van Driel ML, Merenstein D, Young J, De Sutter AI. Antibiotics for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17;10:CD006089 PMID: 23076918 - The NNT: Antibiotics for Radiologically-Diagnosed Acute Maxillary Sinusitis. http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-radiologically-diagnosed-sinusitis/ - Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Borisenko OV, Kovanen N Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD000243. PMID: 18425861
  4. The NNT: Antibiotics for the Treatment of Acute Bronchitis in Adults. http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-acute-bronchitis/ - Smith SM, Fahey T, Smucny J, Becker LA. Antibiotics for acute bronchitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, 3:CD000245 PMID: 24585130
  5. The NNT: Antibiotics for Prophylaxis of Animal Bites. http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-animal-bites/ - Medeiros I, Saconato H. Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(2):CD001738. PMID: 11406003
  6. Henton J, Jain A. Cochrane corner: antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites (intervention review). J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2012 Oct;37(8):804-6. Review. PMID: 23042781
  7. Physician's First Watch, Aug 5, 2014 Question of the Week. Knowledge+ David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org - The NNT: Antibiotics for Acute COPD Exacerbations http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-copd-exacerbation/ - Ram FS et al. Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Apr 21 PMID: 16625602 - Ram FS et al WITHDRAWN: Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD004403. PMID: 2124966
  8. The NNT: Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations. http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-hand-lacerations/ - Zehtabchi S Evidence-based emergency medicine/critically appraised topic. The role of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infection in patients with simple hand lacerations. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 May;49(5):682-9, 689.e1 PMID: 17452265
  9. The NNT: Antibiotics for Infection Prevention With Intracranial Ventricular Shunt Placement. http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-infection-prevention-in-ventricular-shunt-placement/ - Ratilal B, Costa J, Sampaio C. Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical introduction of intracranial ventricular shunts: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2008 Jan;1(1):48-56 PMID: 18352803 - Ratilal B, Costa J, Sampaio C Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical introduction of intracranial ventricular shunt. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD005365. PMID: 16856095
  10. The NNT: Early Antibiotic Use in Open Fractures. http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-open-fractures/ - Gosselin RA, Roberts I, Gillespie WJ Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD003764 PMID: 14974035
  11. The NNT: Antibiotics for Acute Otitis Media http://www.thennt.com/nnt/antibiotics-for-otitis-media/ - Venekamp RP, Sanders S, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB, Rovers MM Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;1:CD000219. PMID: 23440776