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androgen or anabolic steroid

Clinical manifestations: - excessive muscle bulk - secondary hypogonadism Adverse effects: - use of products that contain synthetic anabolic steroids is associated with risk for hepatotoxicity [7] - elevated blood hemoglobin & hematocrit - excessive muscle bulk - acne - gynecomastia - labile mood - anxiety - aggression - decreased testicular volume (small testicles) - exogenous testosterone may result in irreversible decline in spermatogenesis, infertility & permanent inability to produce endogenous testosterone [2] - spontaneous tendon rupture - long-term use of anabolic androgenic steroids may be linked to diminished MRI brain volume, including less overall gray matter, lower cerebral cortex & putamen volumes, & thinner cerbral cortex throughout the brain. [3] - 3-fold higher 11-year risk for death in anabolic steroid users than in nonusers [6] Laboratory: - high blood hemoglobin & hematocrit - lipid panel - low HDL cholesterol - high LDL cholesterol - high serum triglycerides - anabolic steroids in urine - liver function tests Mechanism of action: - enhances hepatic lipase - suppression of gonadotropin hormones (FSH, LH) that stimulate testosterone secretion from the testes & maintain testicular function (& size) Notes: - performance-enhancing selective androgen receptor modulators marketed on the internet contain amount of active compound matched that listed on the label in just 41% of products [4]

Interactions

drug adverse effects of androgens

Related

androgen excess (hyperandrogenism) androgen insufficiency (hypoandrogenism, testosterone deficiency) androgen receptor antagonist; androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) androgen receptor; dihydrotestosterone receptor; nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 (AR, DHTR, NR3C4)

Specific

11-hydroxyandrosterone; 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone 11-ketoandrosterone; 11-ketoetiocholanolone 7-keto dehydroepiandrosterone androstanediol; androstane-3,17-diol; 5-androstane-3,17-diol androstenedione androsterone conjugated estrogens (Premarin)/methyltestosterone Estratest danazol (Danocrine) dehydroepiandrosterone; prasterone (DHEA, Aslera, Intrarosa) epiandrosterone (isoandrosterone) etiocholanolone fluoxymesterone (Haloestin, Ora-Testryl) methyltestosterone (Android, Testred, Metandren, Oretan, Virilon) mibolerone nandrolone (Deca-Durabolin [decanoate], Durabolin [phenylpropionate]) oxandrolone (Oxandrin) oxymetholone (Anadrol-50) stanolone; dihydrotestosterone (DHT); androstanolone; 5-alpha androstan-17-beta-ol-3-one stanozolol; androstanazol (Winstrol) stenbolone testosterone (Delatestryl Testopel, Striant, Intrinsa, Xyosted) trenbolone

General

endocrine agent hormone

Figures/Diagrams

Physiologic Inhibitors of Apoptosis

References

  1. FDA News Release. April 13, 2015 FDA warns consumers not to use muscle growth product called Tri-Methyl Xtreme http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm442494.htm
  2. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
  3. Bjornebekk A et al. Structural brain imaging of long term anabolic-androgenic steroid users and non-using weightlifters. Biol Psychiatry 2016 Jun 30; PMID: 27616036 http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(16)32529-X/abstract
  4. Van Wagoner RM, Eichner A, Bhasin S et al Chemical Composition and Labeling of Substances Marketed as Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators and Sold via the Internet. JAMA. 2017;318(20):2004-2010 PMID: 29183075 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2664459 - Auchus RJ, Brower KJ. The Public Health Consequences of Performance-Enhancing Substances. Who Bears Responsibility? JAMA. 2017;318(20):1983-1984 PMID: 29183050 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2664433
  5. NEJM Knowledge+ Endocrinology
  6. Windfeld-Mathiasen J, Heerfordt IM, Dalhoff KP, Andersen JT, Horwitz H Mortality among users of anabolic steroids. JAMA 2024 Mar 14; [e-pub] PMID: 38483396 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2816584
  7. Nash E et al. Drug-induced liver injury from selective androgen receptor modulators, anabolic-androgenic steroids and bodybuilding supplements in Australia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024 Apr; 59:953-961. PMID: 38372012 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.17906