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albumin (ALB)

Function: - albumin binds 45% of plasma Ca+2 - albumin accounts for 80% of plasma colloid oncotic pressure - good binding capacity for water, Ca+2, Na+, K+, fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin & drugs - major Zn+2 transporter in plasma - typically binds about 80% of all plasma Zn+2 - also binds Cu+2 - phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium - acetylated on Lys-223 by acetylsalicylic acid Structure: - belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family - contains 3 albumin domains Compartment: - 30-40% of albumin is found within the intravascular space (plasma) - 60% is found in the interstitial space Alternative splicing: named isoforms=2 Expression: - albumin is the most abundant protein in human plasma - it constitutes 55-65% of total plasma protein - normally 50% of hepatic protein synthesis is that of albumin with 100-200 mg/kg produced per day - the liver may produce as much as 30 g of albumin/day Polymorphism: - a variant structure of albumin could lead to increased binding of Zn+2 resulting in an asymptomatic augmentation of Zn+2 concentration in the blood Pathology: - low levels of albumin occur, along with low levels of transferrin, prealbumin, & beta-lipoprotein, in inflammation & malignancy - glycated in patients with diabetes mellitus - defects in ALB are a cause of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia Pharmacology: see albumin for transfusion Laboratory: - albumin in specimen - albumin in body fluid - albumin in amniotic fluid - albumin in CSF - albumin in pericardial fluid - albumin in peritoneal fluid - albumin in peritoneal dialysis fluid - albumin in pleural fluid - albumin in serum/plasma/blood - albumin in blood - albumin in serum - albumin in semen - albumin in stool - albumin in synovial fluid - albumin in urine

Interactions

molecular events

Related

albumin for transfusion (Albuminar) albumin in body fluid albumin in serum/plasma albumin/creatinine in urine glycated albumin (fructosamine) in serum SAFE study

Specific

Albumin Parenteral

General

glycoprotein phosphoprotein plasma protein plasma volume expander

Properties

SIZE: MW = 66 kD COMPARTMENT: plasma serum cerebrospinal fluid MOTIF: phosphorylation site glycosylation site cysteine-rich region (3) MOTIF: Ca+2-binding site EFFECTOR-BOUND: Ca+2 binding site FOR-BINDING-OF: thyroid hormone binding site FOR-BINDING-OF: steroid binding site FOR-BINDING-OF: bilirubin SECRETED-BY: hepatocyte MISC-INFO: pI 4-5.8 CONCENTRATION 3.5-5.9 G/DL elimination route LIVER pregnancy-category C safety in lactation ?

Database Correlations

OMIM 103600 MORBIDMAP 103600 UniProt P02768

References

  1. Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry 3rd ed., N.W. Teitz ed., W.B. Saunders, 1988, pg 328
  2. Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
  3. UniProt :accession P02768
  4. Albumin Website http://www.albumin.org
  5. Wikipedia; Note: serum albumin entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serum_albumin
  6. GeneReviews http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/genetests/lab/gene/ALB
  7. SeattleSNPs http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/alb/

Component-of

heme albumin methemalbumin