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HIV1/AIDS-associated malignancy

Pathology: 3 cancers are considered AIDS-defining conditions: 1) Kaposi's sarcoma 2) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Burkitt lymphoma 3) invasive cervical cancer Overall, men & women with AIDS have a 2.5-fold increase for developing non AIDS-defining malignancies. Risk of cancer increases with degree of immunosuppression: 1) Hodgkin's disease 2) lip cancer 3) lung cancer 4) soft tissue sarcoma 5) penile cancer 6) testicular seminoma Risk of other cancers increased with AIDS, but NOT with degree of immunosuppression. 1) systemic high-grade lymphoma 2) primary central nervous system lymphoma 3) anogenital squamous cell cancer 4) anal cancer Risk of breast cancer & colon cancers NOT increased among AIDS patients Reference [2] suggests younger age distribution of HIV patients relative to general population skews age distribution of non- AIDS-defining cancers & that perhaps HIV dose not increase risk of non AIDS-defining cancers case report of malignant transformation of H nana invading human host as metastatic cancer in an HIV1 infected patient [4] Management: - Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, & lung cancer may be targets for early identification in patients with HIV1 infection [3]

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AIDS-defining condition

General

complications in patients with HIV1 infection

References

  1. Journal Watch 21(10):80, 2001 Frisch et al, JAMA 285:1736, 2001
  2. Shiels MS et al. Age at cancer diagnosis among persons with AIDS in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2010 Oct 5; 153:452. PMID: 20921544
  3. Silverberg MJ et al. Cumulative incidence of cancer among persons with HIV in North America: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2015 Oct 6; 163:507 PMID: 26436616 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2450214
  4. Muehlenbachs A et al Malignant Transformation of Hymenolepis nana in a Human Host. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:1845-1852. November 5, 2015 PMID: 26535513 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1505892
  5. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
  6. National Cancer Institute HIV Infection and Cancer Risk https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hiv-fact-sheet