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adenyl cyclase, adenylyl cyclase or adenylate cyclase
The concept of signal transduction or signalling of extracellular signalling through 2nd messengers originated with the discovery of the role of cAMP
Function:
- the adenyl cyclase/cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway mediates hormonal control of many cellular cascades including
a) glycogenolysis
b) lipolysis
c) catecholamine synthesis
- adenyl cyclases are activated through:
a) Gs-alpha generated by serpentine receptor-mediated Gs protein dissociation
b) protein kinase C
c) Ca+2/Calmodulin
d) G-beta/gamma
- nearly all of the 8 cloned adenyl cyclases are regulated via interactions with the PLC pathway [2]
- adenyl cyclases appear to be associated with Ca+2 channels
- Ca+2 inhibition of adenyl cyclases is predicted to result in oscillations of cAMP levels
- affinity for Mg+2 increases 20-fold upon activation by Gs-alpha-GTP
Interactions
molecular events
Related
adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1; CAP-1 (CAP1, CAP)
adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 2; CAP-2 (CAP2)
Specific
adenyl cyclase-1 (ADCY1, Ca+2/calmodulin-activated adenyl cyclase)
adenyl cyclase-2 (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 2, ADCY2, KIAA1060)
adenyl cyclase-3 (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 3, adenylyl cyclase 3, adenylate cyclase olfactive type, ADCY3)
adenyl cyclase-4 ( ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 4, ADCY4)
adenyl cyclase-5 (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 5, ADCY5)
adenyl cyclase-6 (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 6, ADCY6, KIAA0422)
adenyl cyclase-7 (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 7, ADCY7, KIAA0037)
adenyl cyclase-8 (ADCY8, Ca+2/calmodulin-activated adenyl cyclase, ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 8)
adenyl cyclase-9 (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 9, ADCY9, KIAA0520)
adenylate cyclase type 10 (testicular soluble adenylyl cyclase, germ cell soluble adenylyl cyclase, sAC, hsAC, adenylate cyclase homolog, AH-related protein, ADCY10, SAC)
B. anthracis edema factor (EF)
cyclolysin
General
guanine nucleotide regulatory protein [GNRP] effector
lyase
plasma membrane protein
transmembrane 12 protein
Properties
COMPARTMENT: plasma membrane*
CELL: most cell types*
ORGANISM: eukaryote*
MOTIF: cytoplasmic domain {N-TERMINAL}
exoplasmic loop
LOOP#: 1
exoplasmic loop
LOOP#: 2
exoplasmic loop
LOOP#: 3
exoplasmic loop
LOOP#: 4
exoplasmic loop
LOOP#: 5
exoplasmic loop
LOOP#: 6
membrane region
binding site
FOR-BINDING-OF: G-alpha
Mg+2-binding site
EFFECTOR-BOUND: Mg+2
consensus
ATP-binding site
NAME: ATP-binding site
SITE: CYTOPLASMIC-LOOP-3
ATP-binding site
NAME: ATP-binding site
SITE: CYTOPLASMIC-TAIL
cytoplasmic domain {C-TERMINAL}
STATE: Inactive
References
- White & Hartzell Biochem Pharmacol 38:859 1990
- Cooper et al
Adenylyl cyclases and the interaction between calcium and
cAMP signalling.
Nature 374:421 1995
PMID: 7700350