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JVP a-wave
Etiology:
large a-wave:
1) tricuspid stenosis
2) right ventricular hypertrophy
3) pulmonary hypertension
4) pulmonic stenosis
5) restrictive cardiomyopathy
General
jugular venous pulsation (JVP)
References
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed.
Companion Handbook, Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill
Inc. NY, 1995, pg 326
- Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed)
Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 37
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 14
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2006